Literary+and+Rhetorical+Terminology

Week 1 || "A dish" for an entrée. ||  || Cassius: The clock has stricken three. //Julius Caesar//, Act II, I (There were no clocks during Roman times, and the striking clock was not invented until 1,400 years after Caesar’s death.) ||  ||
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 * ** Due April 30-May 1 ** ||
 * __**Assignment**__: Draw a chart like the one below. Copy the words, definitions, and examples verbatim through the warm-ups. On your own time, find examples from assigned readings throughout this past school year. Be sure to cite your examples. ||
 * || **Term** || **Definition** || **Teacher Example** || **Student Example** ||
 * 1 || ethos || the overall appeal of the speaker or writer; it is important that this person have impressive credentials, a notable knowledge of the subject, and/or appear to be a likeable and moral person || The author of "In Praise of the F Word" is both a parent and a teacher of adult literary classes, which helps to establish her credibility when she argues that the threat of failure should be used as a positive teaching tool. ||  ||
 * 2 || __pa__thos || appeal to audience's emotions -- think __pa__ssionate appeal || "We can never be satisfied as long as our children are stripped of their self-hood and robbed of their dignity by a sign stating: 'For Whites Only'" (Martin Luther King, Jr.). ||  ||
 * 3 || __log__os || appeal to an audience's sense of reason or __log__ic || "You know the truth…some Negroes lie … But this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men. There is not a person in this courtroom who has never told a lie" (Lee 273). ||  ||
 * 4 || syllogism || used in argumentation, a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion || All humans are mortal, (the major premise), I am a human, (the minor premise), therefore, I am mortal, (the conclusion). ||  ||
 * 5 || alliteration || repetition of __consonant sounds__ at the __beginning of words__ || "__P__eter __p__iper __p__icked a __p__eck of __p__ickled __p__eppers." ||  ||
 * 6 || anaphora || repetition of a __word or phrase__ at the __beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines__ || "__Mad__ world! __Mad__ kings! __Mad__ composition!" (King John, II, i). ||  ||
 * **Week 2** ||
 * **Due May 7-8** ||
 * __**Assignment:**__ Draw a chart like the one below. Copy the words, definitions, and examples verbatim through the warm-ups. On your own time, find examples from assigned readings throughout this past school year. Be sure to cite your examples. **In addition**, recopy all the words, definitions, and examples from previous weeks' words. Put them in chart form. You may paraphrase the definitions -- as long as they are correct -- in this part of the assignment. ||
 * || **Term** || **Definition** || **Teacher Example** || **Student Example** ||
 * 7 || __a__syndeton || the __absence of conjunctions__ between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words || "Are all thy conquests __**,**__ glories __**,**__ triumphs __**,**__ spoils __**,**__ / Shrunk to this little measure?" (Julius Caesar III, i) ||  ||
 * 8 || __poly__syndeton || __using conjuntions to emphasize rhythm__, and therefore emphasize a certain point || "The face of red __and__ white __and__ black swung through the air __and__ jigged toward Bill" (Golding 64) ||  ||
 * 9 || con__duplicat__io || repetition of a __key word over successive phrases or clauses__ || "We will have __difficult times__. We've had __difficult times__ in the past. And we will have __difficult times__ in the future" (Robert F. Kennedy's Eulogy for Martin Luther King, Jr. in 1968). ||  ||
 * 10 || rhetorical question || a question that is __posed for emphasis__, __not requiring an answer__ || "Art thou mad? Is not the truth the truth?" (Henry IV, Part 1, II, iv). ||  ||
 * 11 || a__pos__iopesis || a __sudden pause__ or interruption in the middle of a sentence || "I will have revenges on you both / That all the world shall __-- I will do such things --__ What they are yet, I know not; but they shall be / The terrors of the earth!" (King Lear II, iv). ||  ||
 * 12 || para__lipsis__ || __pretending to omit__ something by drawing attention to it || A politician saying: "I will not even mention the fact that my opponent was a poor student." ||  ||
 * 13 || antithesis || opposition or __juxtaposition__ of ideas or words in a __balanced or parallel construction__ || "Not __that I loved Caesar less __, but __that I loved Rome more __" (Julius Caesar, III, ii) ||  ||
 * 14 || allusion || an indirect __reference__ to a famous person, place, event, or literary work || "Maycomb county had recently been told it had __nothing to fear but fear itself__" (Lee 6) is an allusion to Franklin D. Roosevelt's inaugeral address ||  ||
 * **Week 3** ||
 * **Due May 14-15** ||
 * __**Assignment:**__ Draw a chart like the one below. Copy the words, definitions, and examples verbatim through the warm-ups. On your own time, find examples from assigned readings throughout this past school year. Be sure to cite your examples. **In addition**, recopy all the words, definitions, and examples from previous weeks' words. Put them in chart form. You may paraphrase the definitions -- as long as they are correct -- in this part of the assignment. ||
 * || **Term** || **Definition** || **Teacher Example** || **Student Example** ||
 * 15 || ambiguity || an event or situation that may be __interpreted in more than one way__. Also, the manner or expression of such an event or situation may be ambiguous. || A newspaper headline might read "Police Begin Campaign to Run Down Jaywalkers" ||  ||
 * 16 || irony (verbal) || expression in which __words mean something contrary to what is actually said__ || Looking at your wallet full of nothing but pennies and exclaiming, "Lunch is on me, guys -- I am rich!" ||  ||
 * 17 || euphemism || a substitution of __a more pleasant expression__ for one whose meaning may come across as rude or offensive || "He passed away," rather than "He died." ||  ||
 * 18 || hyperbole || __exaggeration__ for emphasis or for rhetorical effect || "I died laughing" ||  ||
 * 19 || understatement || deliberately __de-emphasizing__ something in order __to__ __downplay its importance__; the __opposite of hyperbole__; it is one of the primary devices of irony, used to develop a humorous effect, to create satire, or to achieve a restrained tone || "We teachers are rather good at magic, you know."- In 'Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets'. ||  ||
 * 20 || meto__nm__y || a figure of speech that consists of the use of the __name__ of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related -- in meto__nm__y, think __n__a__m__e substitution || "The press" for the news media.
 * 21 || synecdoche || a __part__ or quality of something which is __used in substitution of the larger whole__, or vice versa || She took us outside to look at her new set of __wheels__. (referring to her new car) ||  ||
 * **Week 4** ||
 * **Due May 21-22** ||
 * __**Assignment**__: Draw a chart like the one below. Copy the words, definitions, and examples verbatim through the warm-ups. On your own time, find examples from assigned readings throughout this past school year. Be sure to cite your examples. **In addition**, recopy all the words, definitions, and examples from previous weeks' words. Put them in chart form. You may paraphrase the definitions -- as long as they are correct -- in this part of the assignment. ||
 * || **Term** || **Definition** || **Teacher Example** || **Student Example** ||
 * 22 || __person__ification || giving __human characteristics to non-human__ objects || The pen danced across the author's page ||  ||
 * 23 || apostrophe || an exclamatory address to an imaginary, dead, or absent person or personified abstraction || "__Oh death__, where is thy sting? __Oh grave__, where is thy victory?" (1 Cor. 15:55). ||  ||
 * 24 || paradox || a __seemingly contradictory__ or absurd statement that may nonetheless __suggest an important truth__ || "I can resist anything but temptation."-Oscar Wilde ||  ||
 * 25 || ana__chron__ism || assignment of something to a __time when it was not in existence__ || Brutus: Peace! Count the clock.
 * 26 || zuegma || a figure of speech in which __a word is used to__ modify or __govern two or more words__ although appropriate to only one of them or __making a different sense with each__ || "Mr. Pickwick __took__ his hat and his leave " (Charles Dickens). ||  ||
 * 27 || colloquialism || the use of __slang or informalities__ in speech or writing; not generally acceptable for formal writing, they give work a conversational, familiar tone || "'Sucks to your ass-mar!" (Golding 13). ||  ||